Environment Impact

Cement production significantly impacts the environment through various means

Greenhouse
Gas Emissions

Cement production is a major contributor to global CO₂ emissions. This is mainly due to two processes:

  • Calcination: Heating limestone (CaCO₃) to produce lime (CaO) releases CO₂, accounting for roughly 60% of emissions.
  • Fuel Combustion: Burning fossil fuels to heat kilns to approximately 1,450°C contributes the remaining 40% of emissions.

Cement production is responsible for approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions, making it a major contributor to climate change.

Air Pollution

Cement production significantly impacts air quality by emitting particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and heavy metals. Dust from quarrying and grinding contributes to PM emissions, while fuel combustion in kilns releases NOₓ and SO₂, leading to environmental and health concerns. Additionally, the high-temperature processes can emit heavy metals into the atmosphere.

Resource Depletion

High consumption of raw materials like limestone, clay, and sand leads to habitat disruption and biodiversity loss.

Energy and Water Consumption

Cement production is energy-intensive, primarily relying on non-renewable fossil fuels, which contributes to resource depletion and significant CO₂ emissions. Additionally, substantial water is required for cooling and dust suppression during the manufacturing process, potentially straining local water resources.

Waste Generation

Production generates waste materials and pollutants, including kiln dust and heavy metals, which can contaminate soil and water if not properly managed.

Land Degradation

Quarrying activities can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and landscape alteration, affecting local ecosystems.